Hydrogen (H) - Element Information, Facts, Properties, Uses - Periodic Table of the Elements (2024)

The solid state structure of Hydrogen is Simple Hexagonal.

The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.

Unit Cell Parameters

The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)

and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).

The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( x_i, y_i, z_i) measured from a reference lattice point.

The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.

The number of atoms per unit cell in a simple cubic, face-centered cubic and body-centred cubic are 1,4,2 respectively.

Hydrogen atoms have 1 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [1] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) ²S_1/2.

Ground State Electronic Configuration of Hydrogen - neutral Hydrogen atom

Abbreviated electronic configuration of Hydrogen

The ground state abbreviated electronic configuration of Neutral Hydrogen atom is 1s1. The portion of Hydrogen configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as . For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. This is important as it is the Valence electrons 1s1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.

Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Hydrogen

Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Hydrogen atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration

1s1

Atomic Structure of Hydrogen

Hydrogen atomic radius is 53 pm, while it's covalent radius is 37 pm.

Spectral Lines of Hydrogen - Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen

A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules.

Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system and a single photon. A spectral line may be observed either as an emission line or an absorption line.

Spectral lines are highly atom-specific, and can be used to identify the chemical composition of any medium. Several elements, including helium, thallium, and caesium, were discovered by spectroscopic means. They are widely used to determine the physical conditions of stars and other celestial bodies that cannot be analyzed by other means.

Emission spectrum of Hydrogen

Absorption spectrum of Hydrogen

The electron affinity of Hydrogen is 72.8 kJ/mol.

Ionization Energy of Hydrogen

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.in chemistry, this energy is expresed in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Hydrogen

Refer to below table for Hydrogen Physical Properties

Elastic Properties

Hardness of Hydrogen - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element

Hydrogen Electrical Properties

Electrical resistivity measures element's electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). While Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a element's ability to conduct electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m).

Hydrogen is a -. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Hydrogen

Hydrogen Heat and Conduction Properties

Hydrogen Magnetic Properties

Optical Properties of Hydrogen

Acoustic Properties of Hydrogen

Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Hydrogen

Enthalpies of Hydrogen

Hydrogen has 7 isotopes, with between 1 and 7 nucleons. Hydrogen has 2 stable naturally occuring isotopes.

Isotopes of Hydrogen - Naturally occurring stable Isotopes: 1H, 2H.